A box contains 12 cards labeled with the letters from A - L. If two cards are drawn one after the other without replacement, what is the probability that the first card has a vowel (A, E, I) and the second card has a consonant?
Options
A
B
C
D
Answer & Analysis
Answer
B
Analysis
Question Analysis
This question involves calculating the probability of two dependent events related to letter - card selection.
The main focus is on correctly determining the number of vowels and consonants and how the first draw affects the probability of the second draw.
Key Concept Explanation
Dependent events imply that the outcome of the first draw changes the available options for the second draw.
Here, when a card is drawn, the total number of cards and the number of cards with specific letter types (vowels or consonants) are reduced, altering the probabilities for the next draw.
Step-by-Step Solution
1. Calculate the probability of drawing a vowel - labeled card on the first draw:
There are 3 vowels (A, E, I) out of 12 cards.
So, .
2. Calculate the probability of drawing a consonant - labeled card on the second draw given that a vowel - labeled card was drawn on the first draw:
After removing one vowel - labeled card, there are 11 cards left.
The number of consonants is . So,
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