Biology

The correct answer is: C.Changes in environmental conditions and pollution.

Explanation:

The shift in the population of peppered moths from light to dark occurred due to changes in environmental conditions, particularly pollution during the Industrial Revolution. The darker, or melanistic, moths became more common in polluted areas because the soot from factories darkened the trees and buildings, making the lighter-colored moths more visible to predators. The darker moths, which were better camouflaged against the soot-covered surfaces, had a higher chance of surviving and reproducing, leading to an increase in their population.