Biology

The correct answer is: C.Allele and genotype frequencies in a population

Explanation:

The Hardy-Weinberg equation is used to calculate the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population, assuming that the population is not evolving. It provides a mathematical model to predict the distribution of alleles and genotypes if certain conditions (like no natural selection, no mutation, random mating, and a large population size) are met.

The equation is:

p² + 2pq + q² = 1, where:

p² is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype (AA),

2pq is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Aa),

q² is the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa).