Biology

The correct answer is: B.Pioneer species.

The first stage of primary succession involves the establishment of pioneer species, which are the first organisms to colonize a barren environment, such as bare rock exposed by a glacier retreat or lava flow. These species are typically hardy and can survive in harsh conditions. Examples include lichens, mosses, and certain types of bacteria.

Here's why the other options are incorrect:

A.Climax community: This is the final, stable stage of succession, where the ecosystem reaches a steady state. It occurs much later in the process of succession, not ...