Biology

The correct answer is: D.Habitat destruction and fragmentation

Habitat destruction and fragmentation are considered the primary causes of the loss of ecosystem diversity worldwide. When natural habitats—such as forests, wetlands, grasslands, and coral reefs—are cleared or altered by human activities (like agriculture, urban development, logging, and infrastructure projects), ecosystems are broken into smaller, isolated patches. This reduces the overall area of natural habitats available to wildlife, disrupts ecological processes, and increases the vulnerability of species to extinction.

While other factors also contribute to biodiversity loss, they are often linked to or exacerbated by habitat destruction:

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