Biology

The correct answer is:

Volcano creates a new island of rock that must break down to form an ecosystem.

Here’s why:

Primary succession occurs in environments where no life existed previously and there is no soil. It typically happens in areas that have been newly created or exposed, such as a volcanic eruption forming a new island or land formed by lava flows. Over time, pioneer species (like lichens and mosses) begin to colonize the bare rock, eventually breaking it down to form soil, which allows other plants and animals to move in and establish a more complex ecosystem.

Let's break down why the other options don't describe primary succession:

A.Volcano wipes out ecosystem that gradually grows back from ash-covered soil: This describes secondary succession, because the soil already exists. In secondary successio...