Writing and Reading

Choice A is the best answer because it succinctly expresses the idea that “students who major in philosophy often do better . . . as measured by standardized test scores.” 
Choices B and D are incorrect because they introduce a redundancy and a vague term, “results.” The first part of the sentence mentions a research finding or conclusion but does not directly address any “results,” so it is confusing to refer to “these results” and indicate that they “ca...